| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Food, Beverage Berries made into lemonade. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Food, Beverage Berries pounded, soaked in water and used to make a refreshing drink. Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Food, Beverage Berries used to make 'lemonade.' Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Food, Fruit Berries eaten by young people. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used for ceremonial equipment and prayer sticks. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Twigs used for many ceremonial purposes. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Used for ceremonial equipment. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make prayersticks. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Other, Fuel Dry shrub used as one of the four prescribed fuels for the kivas. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Other, Incense & Fragrance Roots used as perfume. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hualapai Dye, Unspecified Roots boiled and used to make a dye. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hualapai Fiber, Basketry Limbs used to make baskets. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hualapai Food, Beverage Berries used to make a drink. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hualapai Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hualapai Other, Insecticide Leaves used on a person's body as an insect repellent. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hualapai Other, Protection Leaves used on a person's body as a snake repellent. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 15 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Isleta Food, Sauce & Relish Sour, acid flavored fruits eaten as an appetizer or relish. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Jemez Drug, Oral Aid Bark chewed for sore gums. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Jemez Fiber, Basketry Twigs and small branches used to make baskets. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Jemez Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Jemez Other, Tools Branches used to make hoe handles. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Drug, Emetic Infusion of leaves used as an emetic. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of leaves used as a stomach wash. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark used as a douche after childbirth. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Drug, Oral Aid Berries used for a mouth wash. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Fiber, Basketry Branches woven into rough baskets. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Food, Beverage Berries used to make a beverage. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Food, Fruit Raw berries eaten as an appetizer. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Food, Spice Berries used as a lemon flavored seasoning for food. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Larger bushes sometimes used for bows. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keres, Western Other, Paint Crushed berry juice used as a vehicle for paint. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 66 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keresan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Keresan Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves mixed with native tobacco and used for smoking. White, Leslie A, 1945, Notes on the Ethnobotany of the Keres, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Arts, Sciences and Letters 30:557-568, page 563 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Berries eaten for stomach troubles. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Berries eaten for grippe. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Beverage Berries boiled into a 'tea.' Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Beverage Berries boiled into a 'tea.' Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Berries mixed with corn meal and eaten. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Kiowa Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 39 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Laguna Food, Appetizer Fruits eaten fresh as appetizers. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Laguna Food, Spice Fruits mixed with various foods as seasoning. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Luiseno Fiber, Basketry Grass used as splints for wrapping the basket coils. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Luiseno Fiber, Basketry Rushes used as splints for wrapping the basket coils, to give a brown color. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 204 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Berries ground into a meal and used for food. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 195 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Luiseno Other, Tools Twigs made into a seed-fan and used to beat the seeds off plants. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 231 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Mahuna Drug, Dietary Aid Plant used as appetite restorative for inactive stomach which refused food. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Mahuna Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used as appetite restorative for inactive stomach which refused food. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Mahuna Fiber, Basketry Vine fibers used to make baskets. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 63 |